frozen-llms-play-werewolf-competently-via-reflection CLM-0058
observationsingle paperReviewed by AI and Russ Miller

Frozen LLMs, using only retrieval over past communications and self-reflection rather than fine-tuning, can play the social deduction game Werewolf competently and show emergent strategic behavior, including deception, without being explicitly trained for it.

Capability: Strategic deception and detecting it · Behavior, Agentic

Observed on

2023, GPT-3.5/GPT-4 class. Autonomous agent.

Model cards: GPT-4

Sources

Reviewed by AI and Russ MillerLast checked: 2026-09-04Evidence activityHow much the field cites the sources under this claimheavily cited in the last 12 months59 in 12mo · 312 total — Exploring Large Language Models for Communication Games: An Empirical Study on Werewolf
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