training-language-model-differential-privacy-whether-dp-sgd-pre-training-or
mechanismsingle paperpending review

Training a language model with differential privacy — whether DP-SGD pre-training or DP LoRA fine-tuning — makes it generate more false claims about facts in its training data than a non-private counterpart, and the effect grows as the privacy budget tightens, because per-example gradient clipping plus noise prevents low-frequency facts from being acquired at all while flattening the next-token distribution onto incorrect alternatives.

Ingested from a paper but not yet reviewed by a human. It is deliberately inert: it does not move any technique’s standing, does not count toward the backtest, and is excluded anywhere a claim would carry weight. Read the source before relying on it.

Capability: Stating false facts confidently

Observed on

Open-ended long-form generation of Wikipedia-style articles, scored by atomic-claim verification; GPT-J 6B fine-tuned at epsilon 8 and 16, and VaultGemma-1B pre-trained at epsilon .

Sources

  • FactScore on three Wikipedia sets plus human annotation by 5 graduate students on 30 stratified AI articles; ordering non-DP > eps=16 > eps=8 held on both datasets, though one comparison was not significant and eps=8 was near the untrained base model on the AI set. Mechanism supported by nucleus/entropy measurements and a synthetic bigram replication rather than by intervention. Model-human agreement on claim support was low, so the automated metric is an imperfect proxy.
Status: pending-reviewLast checked: 2026-09-09Evidence activity: not checked yet
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Notes

Drafted from the paper by a model and filed unreviewed. Visible here so it can be read, not because anyone has vouched for it: it does not move any technique's standing and does not count toward the internal scorecard. Drafted confidence: medium. Falsifier as drafted: A DP-trained model at a strict privacy budget matching or beating its non-private counterpart on atomic-fact accuracy for facts present in the training data, with no reduction in output informativeness. Drafted stance toward accuracy-fact-scales-how-many-pretraining-documents-mention: supports -- A controlled experiment varying fact frequency shows DP raises the repetition count needed to acquire a fact, so the frequency-accuracy dependence sharpens under DP.